El fallo del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) sobre las renegociaciones de las cláusulas suelo pone en jaque los acuerdos a los que la banca está llegando con los clientes que tienen hipotecas ligadas al IRPH (Índice de Referencia de Préstamos Hipotecarios) para evitar litigios. La justicia europea determinó en la sentencia que se conoció ayer que no se opone a las novaciones que las entidades realizaron con los clientes en materia de cláusulas suelo, pero sí señala que deben ser los tribunales españoles los que analicen caso por caso si en esos pactos se dio falta de transparencia. En el caso de que los jueces nacionales consideren que las renegociaciones fueron abusivas, los clientes podrían recuperar lo pagado de más por la existencia de estas cláusulas en sus contratos hipotecarios.
Según el TJUE, la renuncia del consumidor a las pérdidas que le puedan suponer estos acuerdos y a no ejercer acciones legales debe partir del consentimiento informado. Así, la renegociación del contrato puede ser abusiva si causa un perjuicio al consumidor y no ha sido negociado individualmente, es decir, que el usuario no haya podido influir sobre el contenido del acuerdo.
Tras el fallo del tribunal europeo del pasado 3 de marzo sobre las hipotecas IRPH, que validaba el índice aunque instaba a los clientes a acudir a los tribunales para ver si se había comercializado con falta de transparencia, las entidades financieras comenzaron a buscar acuerdos in extremis con los clientes para evitar litigios. Concretamente, los bancos incrementaron los contactos con los consumidores para ofrecerles el cambio automático del IRPH al euribor. En la mayoría de los casos y según fuentes jurídicas, si el cliente acepta el pacto comenzará a pagar una cuota más baja de su hipoteca a partir de entonces, pero se cierra la puerta a que le devuelvan lo pagado de más durante los años anteriores.
El tribunal europeo establece ahora que los pactos que incluyen la renuncia de ejercer acciones judiciales por parte de los clientes también pueden ser abusivos si el consumidor no ha dispuesto de la información pertinente que le hubiera permitido comprender las consecuencias jurídicas que se derivan de la cláusula. De hecho, determina que las cláusulas mediante las que el usuario renuncia a controversias futuras “no vinculan al cliente”.
El fallo del jueves del TJUE, además de suponer una nueva ola de litigios para las entidades, asesta un duro golpe a la decisión del Tribunal Supremo español de 2013, que determinó abusivas las cláusulas suelo pero cerró la puerta a las reclamaciones si se había llegado a un acuerdo con el banco. Ahora, según la Asociación de Usuarios Financieros (Asufin), la decisión europea abre la puerta a reclamar a 500.000 consumidores que tenían cláusula suelo en sus contratos hipotecarios y aún no han interpuesto demandas. La devolución media que han realizado las entidades a los clientes por este motivo oscila entre los 4.500 euros y los 7.500 euros.
A través del procedimiento extrajudicial para reclamar puesto en marcha por el Gobierno a inicios de 2017, la banca ya ha devuelto más de 2.300 millones a unos 530.000 consumidores, que han recuperado una media de 4.500 euros, según datos del Ministerio de Economía. No obstante, en este caso, el TJUE manda a los usuarios a los tribunales y no a la vía extrajudicial para que sea un juez quien determine si hubo falta de transparencia en las renegociaciones.
Los Juzgados especializados de cláusulas suelo, que dan la razón a los clientes en el 96% de los casos, devuelven de media unos 7.500 euros, según informaron en su día fuentes jurídicas a este diario. Por tanto, la nueva cifra de devoluciones para la banca podría sobrepasar los 2.000 millones de euros, en el escenario más adverso, es decir, en el caso de que todos los clientes reclamaran y, además, ganaran.
Fuente: https://www.eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/10657650/07/20/El-fallo-de-las-clausulas-suelo-pone-en-jaque-las-renegociaciones-por-el-IRPH.html
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El fallo de las 'cláusulas suelo' pone en jaque las renegociaciones por el IRPH | Christian Betancor Sosa Abogado en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 657978123
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